Ahmed Zaki Yamani, oil minister of Saudi Arabia until 1986, died in London last week. In memory of the "oil sheik," I reproduce here a comment that appeared on the ASPO-Italia blog in 2006. The interview of Yamani by Oriana Fallaci in 1976 is a good example of how the oil problem is misunderstood in the West and of the many lies told about it. Yamani, despite all the accusations and insults he received, was always a moderate who sought compromise. He managed to prevent his country, Saudi Arabia, from the disasters that befell all oil-producing countries in the Middle East.
Unfortunately, Yamani's legacy has been somewhat lost over the years, but it is only now that Saudi Arabia is seeing bombs falling on its territory -- a destiny that so far the country had avoided. Now, things are going to become very difficult as Saudi Arabia faces the unavoidable decline of its once abundant oil resources.
Yamani is remembered, among other things, for having said that “The Stone Age did not end because the world ran out of stone, and the Oil Age will end long before the world runs out of oil.” And, with that, he demonstrated that he had perfectly understood the concept of "EROEI" and the consequences of gradual depletion.
http://aspoitalia.blogspot.com/2006/11/fallaci-intervista-yamani.html
(Fallaci's interview is available in full at this link.)
Fallaci interviews Yamani: thirty years later
Di Ugo Bardi - September 2006 (slightly edited for publication on "The Seneca Effect")
The interview with Yamani is just one of the many interviews that Oriana Fallaci had obtained from the various powerful men of the 1970s (among them Henri Kissinger). Somehow, being interviewed by her seems to have been fashionable, or perhaps it was something that they could not avoid. According to what Fallaci herself tells us, Ahmed Zaki Yamani hesitated for a long time before agreeing to be interviewed. In the end, however, he invited Fallaci to his home in London, then in Jeddah, and received her with great courtesy, and introduced her to his wife Taman and his daughters.
Fallaci's interview is interesting because it reproposes the elements that have characterized the debate on oil from then until today. On the one hand, the political interpretation of the crisis, as due to a
conspiracy with ideological or religious roots. On the other, the pragmatic interpretation of the crisis, as due to the impossibility of production to satisfy demand and maintain a low price.
There was also a human side of the interview and, from what she writes, it doesn't seem that Fallaci was particularly grateful to Yamani for his kindness. On the contrary, her antipathy towards him is evident. You see it in all her questions and her comments, but also when she describes his eyes as "Only his eyes alert one to his true self: brilliant, darting, crafty.
Eyes that know how to lie, to caress and pierce one with ruthlessness." Fallaci, evidently, thinks she has supernatural telepathic powers.
She defines Yamani as, "The man who can take us back to the days when we traveled on horseback, who can close our factories, make our banks fail ..." Or consider when she bluntly tells him: "You wanted money and you got it: ruining us." Then, she accuses Yamani of blackmail, of wanting to buy an atomic bomb, of being " diabolical," and things like that. Later on, Fallaci accused Yamani of having attempted to seduce her while she was in his house, although this accusation does not appear in the interview.
It's not so much a question of insults. What is striking about this interview is how Fallaci had not even minimally prepared herself on the subject of crude oil. She was unable to ask questions that were not simply based on the various legends of the time (the same as today). To illustrate how the interview looked most of all as something in the style of a gossip magazine, here
are some excerpts.
"Where is the money? I
see many gold watches in your shop windows and gold lighters, gold
rings, I see big cars in your streets, but I don't see houses, I don't
see real cities." Fallaci apparently believed that the Saudi were still living in tents in the desert
"We know very well that the emirs use the money to buy golden water closets" Again, Fallaci doesn't seem to be bothered by the need of verifying her assertions.
"In Saudi Arabia people dig for water and find oil." If you think that it could be true, note that the oil fields of Saudi Arabia are typically located at depths of a few kilometers, far more than the depth of water wells.
Throughout
the interview, Fallaci revolves around the concept that the Arabs were plotting against the West using oil as a weapon. Several times he tries to get Yamani to admit that, yes, there is a plot against the West to ruin us and to establish the world Islamic dictatorship. If possible, she would like to make him admit that it is him, Ahmed Zaki Yamani, who is the leader of the plot. It is as if she saw the interview as part of a Hollywood movie, where the villain usually confesses his crimes out of pure bragging.
In
partial defense of Fallaci, it must be said that, in those years, almost everyone in the West believed that the crisis of the 1970s had purely political origins. Today,
we clearly see from the data that the crisis was instead caused by the
US peak production, which took place in 1970. But the vehemence with which Fallaci attacks Yamani in the interview does not seem to be based on any data.
Yamani, for his part, always replies without losing his temper. It is clear that he considered Fallacy as a kind of time bomb, to be treated with caution and handled with gloves. It must have really taken a lot of patience for him to answer the series of questions that came to him: many were simply silly, some offensive, and others indiscreet. An example of the last kind is the one about the feelings he had experienced witnessing the execution of the killer of King Feisal. But
Yamani is always courteous and answers without ever dodging the question, even though in his heart he must have wondered more than once what was that led him into such a situation. Fallaci, instead of appreciating that, accuses him, saying that "spontaneity was forbidden."
In the end, what makes the interview interesting is not Fallaci, but Yamani. Despite the lack of knowledge evident from the questions he received, Yamani manages to give a complete and organic picture of the oil situation of the time, which already foreshadowed today's world. At the time, Saudi Arabia produced three and a half million barrels a day,
but Yamani said it could have produced 11. In fact, Saudi Arabia has managed to produce nearly 11 at certain times.
Yamani was clear about the strategy that Saudi Arabia would adopt in the years to come: that
of "swing producer" or needle of the balance that would have stabilized
production and avoided further crises in the future. He had perfectly framed the world oil situation as it would be for at least three decades to come. Fallaci
was unable to appreciate the value of what she was told but, reading
the interview, one is struck by the clarity with which Yamani had
predicted the events of the next thirty years and even more.
Are Yamani's considerations still valid today? Overall, yes, but they won't continue to hold for very long. Today, Saudi Arabia faces a very difficult future. It is said that the country will still be able to increase production, but it is also said that the current fields have reached their limits and that the decline is about to begin. Sooner or later, Saudi Arabia will no longer be the tip of the balance it has been since the time of Yamani. The exhaustion of resources is the real problem and not the "emirs who buy water closets of gold" as Fallaci said, perhaps really believing it.
Oriana Fallaci is gone today. Yamani has no longer been oil minister since 1986, today he is an elderly gentleman who lives in London and deals with Islamic studies (n.d.a. this was written in 2007, Yamani died in 2021). The world goes on, the events of the past always present themselves the same but in always different forms. One thing changes, however: there is less and less oil to extract).
Yamani has been a son of the outgoing generation who E=mc^2 has made them believing the Energy Question is solved for humans, once for all.
ReplyDeleteYamani needed to say, instead:
“..the Oil Age [for the masses] will end long before the world runs out of oil.”
Watch this video taken in Syria recently...
Former Senator Tulsi Gubbard has touched on forced Energy Deprivation in Syria, recently.
Humans are incredibly and wickedly intelligent - they always resort to even practicing the dirtiest of all Game Theories for continuity - and who blames them?!
Wailing.
The Fourth Estate: The [A]bysmal failure of the "educated" yet appallingly ignorant.
ReplyDelete... and these Oh! so high standards for investigative journalism is what is still counted on to stave off the flames of populism ?
;-)
Katy Shields' historical trajectory of hypothetical dialog among economists and ecologists demonstrates that belief systems are shaped by the power of the special interests that help shape them via propaganda.
ReplyDeleteThe preeminence of neoliberal economics, despite its unscientific foundations, helps fossil-fueled extractivist industrial-consumer economic growth continue despite overwhelming evidence of its terminal danger.
The failure of politics directly reflects its captivity by those same endless-growth economic interests.
The missing link is the new paradigm, just beginning to emerge, that frames human existence in a scientific convergence with the oldest of paradigms, the wisdom of the indigenous peoples who have managed to retain their connection to the habitats and ecosystems that support human and other life on the only planet we will ever have--if we can keep it.